An augmented triad contains a root, major third and augmented fifth. The formula is 1–3–#5. Written note names remain visible even when two names share the same piano key.
Compare C major and C augmented
Start with C, E and G. Keep C and E in place, then move G up one semitone to G-sharp. You now have C augmented. Play the two chords slowly and listen for the changed fifth. Try the same comparison with F major: F, A and C becomes F, A and C-sharp. Keep the written note names with each example; an enharmonic key label does not replace the chord spelling. Open a chord reference to compare its root position and inversions.