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Piano Chord Progressions

Choose a piano chord progression and key, read its chord names and notes, then hear the changes as block or broken chords. Start with C–G–Am–F, or explore the other patterns below.

8 practice patterns, with 12 key contexts for each. Read the Roman numerals, chord names and notes, then choose how to play the example.

Read the labels in order

One pattern, four kinds of information

Key
The named major or natural-minor context.
Roman numeral
The scale degree and chord quality written relative to that key.
Chord symbol
The actual named chord after the degree is mapped into that key.
Chord notes
The validated written spelling used in this example.

96 progression examples

Choose a pattern and key context

Read each chord’s Roman numeral, name and notes. Notes outside the selected scale are marked.

How chord progressions work

A pattern keeps its Roman numerals while the selected key maps each degree to a chord name and written notes.

Common progression examples

I C (C–E–G) → V G (G–B–D) → vi Am (A–C–E) → IV F (F–A–C)

I C (C–E–G) → IV F (F–A–C) → V G (G–B–D) → I C (C–E–G)

C major progression

I C (C–E–G) → V G (G–B–D) → vi Am (A–C–E) → IV F (F–A–C)

E major progression

I E (E–G♯–B) → V B (B–D♯–F♯) → vi C♯m (C♯–E–G♯) → IV A (A–C♯–E)

A major progression

I A (A–C♯–E) → V E (E–G♯–B) → vi F♯m (F♯–A–C♯) → IV D (D–F♯–A)

“Beautiful” color example

ii9 Dm9 (D–F–A–C–E) → V13 G13 (G–B–D–F–A–C–E) → Imaj9 Cmaj9 (C–E–G–B–D)

This is a subjective practice label, not a guaranteed listener response.

“Happy” cadence example

I C (C–E–G) → IV F (F–A–C) → V G (G–B–D) → I C (C–E–G)

This is a subjective practice label; tempo, register and musical context change the effect.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolAm
    Chord notesA · C · E
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord A · C

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolB♭m
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord None

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG♭
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolBm
    Chord notesB · D · F♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord B · D

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolCm
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C · E♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolC♯m
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C♯ · E

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolDm
    Chord notesD · F · A
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord D · F

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC♯
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolD♯m
    Chord notesD♯ · F♯ · A♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord None

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolEm
    Chord notesE · G · B
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord E · G

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolFm
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F · A♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolF♯m
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolGm
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord G · B♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Four-chord comparison in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolG♯m
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord G♯ · B

  4. 4
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG♭
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC♯
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

I–IV–V–I in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolAm
    Chord notesA · C · E
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord A · C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolB♭m
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG♭
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolBm
    Chord notesB · D · F♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord B · D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolCm
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C · E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolC♯m
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C♯ · E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolDm
    Chord notesD · F · A
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord D · F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolD♯m
    Chord notesD♯ · F♯ · A♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC♯
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolEm
    Chord notesE · G · B
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord E · G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolFm
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F · A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolF♯m
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolGm
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord G · B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

vi–IV–I–V in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralvi
    Chord symbolG♯m
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord G♯ · B

  2. 2
    Roman numeralIV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  4. 4
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolDm
    Chord notesD · F · A
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord G

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolE♭m
    Chord notesE♭ · G♭ · B♭
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD♭
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolEm
    Chord notesE · G · B
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord A

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolFm
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolF♯m
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord B

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolGm
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC
    Chord notesC · E · G
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord C

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolG♯m
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolC♯
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolAm
    Chord notesA · C · E
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolD
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord D

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolG
    Chord notesG · B · D
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolB♭m
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE♭
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA♭
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolBm
    Chord notesB · D · F♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord B

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolE
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord E

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolA
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolCm
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF
    Chord notesF · A · C
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB♭
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii–V–I with triads in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii
    Chord symbolC♯m
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMinor

    Common tones with next chord C♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV
    Chord symbolF♯
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI
    Chord symbolB
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolDm7
    Chord notesD · F · A · C
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord D · F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord G · B

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolCmaj7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolE♭m7
    Chord notesE♭ · G♭ · B♭ · D♭
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolD♭maj7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolEm7
    Chord notesE · G · B · D
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord E · G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolDmaj7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolFm7
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord F · A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolE♭maj7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolF♯m7
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯ · E
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolEmaj7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolGm7
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D · F
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord G · B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord C · E

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolFmaj7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolG♯m7
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC♯7
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯ · B
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolF♯maj7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolAm7
    Chord notesA · C · E · G
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord A · C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolGmaj7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolB♭m7
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F · A♭
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolA♭maj7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolBm7
    Chord notesB · D · F♯ · A
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord B · D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolAmaj7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolCm7
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord C · E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord F · A

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolB♭maj7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii7–V7–Imaj7 in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii7
    Chord symbolC♯m7
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯ · B
    QualityMinor seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj7
    Chord symbolBmaj7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A♯
    QualityMajor seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolDm9
    Chord notesD · F · A · C · E
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord D · A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolG13
    Chord notesG · B · D · F · A · C · E
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord E · G

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolCmaj9
    Chord notesC · E · G · B · D
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolE♭m9
    Chord notesE♭ · G♭ · B♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolA♭13
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭ · B♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord F · A♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolD♭maj9
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C · E♭
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolEm9
    Chord notesE · G · B · D · F♯
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord E · B

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolA13
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G · B · D · F♯
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolDmaj9
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C♯ · E
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolFm9
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C · E♭ · G
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord F · C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolB♭13
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭ · C · E♭ · G
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord G · B♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolE♭maj9
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D · F
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolF♯m9
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · C♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolB13
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A · C♯ · E · G♯
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord G♯ · B

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolEmaj9
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D♯ · F♯
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolGm9
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D · F · A
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord G · D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolC13
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭ · D · F · A
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord A · C

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolFmaj9
    Chord notesF · A · C · E · G
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolG♯m9
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯ · F♯ · A♯
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolC♯13
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯ · B · D♯ · F♯ · A♯
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolF♯maj9
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E♯ · G♯
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolAm9
    Chord notesA · C · E · G · B
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord A · E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolD13
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C · E · G · B
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord B · D

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolGmaj9
    Chord notesG · B · D · F♯ · A
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolB♭m9
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F · A♭ · C
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolE♭13
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭ · F · A♭ · C
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord C · E♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolA♭maj9
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G · B♭
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolBm9
    Chord notesB · D · F♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord B · F♯

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolE13
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D · F♯ · A · C♯
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord C♯ · E

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolAmaj9
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G♯ · B
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolCm9
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G · B♭ · D
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord C · G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolF13
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭ · G · B♭ · D
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord D · F

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolB♭maj9
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A · C
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

ii9–V13–Imaj9 in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralii9
    Chord symbolC♯m9
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMinor ninth

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV13
    Chord symbolF♯13
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E · G♯ · B · D♯
    QualityDominant thirteenth

    Common tones with next chord D♯ · F♯

  3. 3
    Roman numeralImaj9
    Chord symbolBmaj9
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A♯ · C♯
    QualityMajor ninth
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolDm7♭5
    Chord notesD · F · A♭ · C
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord D · F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord G

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolCm
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in C♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolD♯m7♭5
    Chord notesD♯ · F♯ · A · C♯
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolG♯7
    Chord notesG♯ · B♯ · D♯ · F♯
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolC♯m
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G♯
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolEm7♭5
    Chord notesE · G · B♭ · D
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord E · G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord A

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolDm
    Chord notesD · F · A
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolFm7♭5
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C♭ · E♭
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord F · A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolE♭m
    Chord notesE♭ · G♭ · B♭
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolF♯m7♭5
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C · E
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord B

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolEm
    Chord notesE · G · B
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolGm7♭5
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord G · B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord C

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolFm
    Chord notesF · A♭ · C
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolG♯m7♭5
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D · F♯
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC♯7
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯ · B
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolF♯m
    Chord notesF♯ · A · C♯
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolAm7♭5
    Chord notesA · C · E♭ · G
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord A · C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord D

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolGm
    Chord notesG · B♭ · D
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in G♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolA♯m7♭5
    Chord notesA♯ · C♯ · E · G♯
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolD♯7
    Chord notesD♯ · F𝄪 · A♯ · C♯
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F𝄪. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord None

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolG♯m
    Chord notesG♯ · B · D♯
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolBm7♭5
    Chord notesB · D · F · A
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord B · D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord E

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolAm
    Chord notesA · C · E
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolCm7♭5
    Chord notesC · E♭ · G♭ · B♭
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord C · E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord F

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolB♭m
    Chord notesB♭ · D♭ · F
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Natural-minor context

iiø7–V7–i in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeraliiø7
    Chord symbolC♯m7♭5
    Chord notesC♯ · E · G · B
    QualityHalf-diminished seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  2. 2
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♯. Major V7 uses a raised leading tone in this minor cadence.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  3. 3
    Roman numerali
    Chord symbolBm
    Chord notesB · D · F♯
    QualityMinor
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in C

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C · E · G · B♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C · E · G · B♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C · E · G · B♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F · A · C · E♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C · E · G · B♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord F

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in D♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D♭ · F · A♭ · C♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D♭ · F · A♭ · C♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D♭ · F · A♭ · C♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG♭7
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭ · F♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG♭7
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭ · F♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D♭ · F · A♭ · C♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG♭7
    Chord notesG♭ · B♭ · D♭ · F♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in D

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯ · A · C

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯ · A · C

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯ · A · C

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G · B · D · F

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯ · A · C

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord G

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in E♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G · B♭ · D♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G · B♭ · D♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G · B♭ · D♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C · E♭ · G♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G · B♭ · D♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in E

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯ · B · D

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯ · B · D

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯ · B · D

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯ · E · G

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯ · B · D

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord A

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in F

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F · A · C · E♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F · A · C · E♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F · A · C · E♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D · F · A♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F · A · C · E♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in F♯

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯ · F♯ · A

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC♯7
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯ · B
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord None

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: E. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord None

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolC♯7
    Chord notesC♯ · E♯ · G♯ · B
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in G

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G · B · D · F

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G · B · D · F

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G · B · D · F

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord C · E · G · B♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G · B · D · F

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord C

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolC7
    Chord notesC · E · G · B♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: B♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord G

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolG7
    Chord notesG · B · D · F
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: F. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in A♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C · E♭ · G♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C · E♭ · G♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C · E♭ · G♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D♭ · F · A♭ · C♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭ · C · E♭ · G♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord D♭

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD♭7
    Chord notesD♭ · F · A♭ · C♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A♭

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA♭7
    Chord notesA♭ · C · E♭ · G♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in A

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯ · E · G

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯ · E · G

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯ · E · G

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord D · F♯ · A · C

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A · C♯ · E · G

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord D

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolD7
    Chord notesD · F♯ · A · C
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: C. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord A

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolA7
    Chord notesA · C♯ · E · G
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: G. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in B♭

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D · F · A♭

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D · F · A♭

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D · F · A♭

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E♭ · G · B♭ · D♭

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭ · D · F · A♭

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord E♭

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE♭7
    Chord notesE♭ · G · B♭ · D♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B♭

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB♭7
    Chord notesB♭ · D · F · A♭
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A♭. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF7
    Chord notesF · A · C · E♭
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Major-key context

Twelve-bar dominant-seventh study in B

Tags are editorial listening prompts, not guaranteed emotional effects.

  1. 1
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯ · F♯ · A

  2. 2
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯ · F♯ · A

  3. 3
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯ · F♯ · A

  4. 4
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B

  5. 5
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord E · G♯ · B · D

  6. 6
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B

  7. 7
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B · D♯ · F♯ · A

  8. 8
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  9. 9
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh

    Common tones with next chord E

  10. 10
    Roman numeralIV7
    Chord symbolE7
    Chord notesE · G♯ · B · D
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: D. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord B

  11. 11
    Roman numeralI7
    Chord symbolB7
    Chord notesB · D♯ · F♯ · A
    QualityDominant seventh

    Outside the named scale: A. Dominant-seventh blues study, not a claim that all tones are diatonic to the major scale.

    Common tones with next chord F♯

  12. 12
    Roman numeralV7
    Chord symbolF♯7
    Chord notesF♯ · A♯ · C♯ · E
    QualityDominant seventh
How to practise

Start with block chords, name each symbol before it sounds, then switch to broken chords. Slow the tempo until every change is deliberate. No fingering is assigned.

Start with one four-bar example

Hear the sequence

A chord progression is an ordered sequence of harmonies. I–V–vi–IV becomes C–G–Am–F in C major, E–B–C-sharp minor–A in E major, and A–E–F-sharp minor–D in A major. These examples use a reference voicing and four counts per chord.

Read C–G–Am–F as four chords. Each chord lasts one bar of 4/4, with four quarter-note beats per bar. Its pattern is I–V–vi–IV in C major.

8 practice patterns are available in 12 key contexts each, giving 96 examples. Choose a pattern first, then select its key context.

Separate the pattern from its voicing

Roman numerals identify degrees relative to the selected key. They do not specify the octave, hand, inversion, rhythm or instrument sound. Those choices must be given by the individual realization.

Changing the key changes the pitches while retaining the degrees. Changing the voicing can retain the chord names while rearranging which notes are lowest. Neither operation should silently change an advertised example.

Compare three different endings

Compare three patterns

Start with I–V–vi–IV, vi–IV–I–V and I–IV–V–I in the same key. Read each chord’s notes, compare the final chord, then try repeating the pattern. Print current example prints the selected pattern and key.

Explore an effect

Try the ii9–V13–Imaj9 color example or the I–IV–V–I cadence. Play slowly and compare block with broken chords. “Beautiful” and “happy” are subjective listening prompts; the chord order does not guarantee either response.

I–V–vi–IV finishes on IV. The vi–IV–I–V pattern starts on the minor vi chord and ends on V. I–IV–V–I returns to I in its final bar. Select each pattern in the same key to compare its starting and ending chords.

Read first, then try the changes

Read each chord symbol and its notes before playing. Choose a tempo and block or broken chords. To repeat the full pattern, select Loop full pattern before pressing Play. Press Stop before changing playback settings, then play again.

These examples do not prescribe transition fingerings or a fixed hand allocation. Choose a comfortable pace and check the note references before trying the changes on your piano.

  1. Read the chord symbols in order.
  2. Name one chord’s notes before checking its reference.
  3. Compare the notes of two adjacent chords.
  4. Try the change, then return to the first chord.

Low register changes the listening example

Playback uses a fixed reference voicing for each chord. Its register is a listening example, not a prescribed hand position.

Wider spacing or a separate bass changes the sound. Open an individual chord reference to compare its available voicings before trying a different arrangement.

Use individual chord pages when a change is unclear

A progression should not hide uncertainty about an individual chord. Open that chord’s reference to check the third, bass or spelling, then return to the same bar of the sequence.

The chord tables remain readable without JavaScript. Enable JavaScript to choose an example, hear it and print the current selection. This tool does not listen to or assess your piano playing.

Questions and answers

How many progressions are included?

8 named patterns, each available in 12 key contexts, for 96 examples. Depending on the pattern, an example contains 3, 4 or 12 chord steps.

Does a major-key pattern always sound happy?

No. The pattern does not determine an emotional response on its own. Mood labels should not replace note, rhythm and context information.

Do the Roman numerals tell me which fingers to use?

No. They label harmonic degrees. Fingerings and hand allocation are separate decisions.