Find the notes of F minor, compare its three forms and descending patterns, and read source-checked piano fingerings.
F – G – A♭ – B♭ – C – D♭ – E♭ – F
Direction: Ascending · F4 → F5 · Semitone movement: 2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 1 – 2 – 2
| Notes | F4 | G4 | A♭4 | B♭4 | C5 | D♭5 | E♭5 | F5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fingers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
One-octave fingering.
Finger numbers identify fingers, not scale degrees. Only one-octave, separately checked rows are shown.
Select every note used in F Natural minor, ascending. This question checks the note set; octave and order do not matter.
Chosen: None
Attempt open · unassisted
F - G - A♭ - B♭ - C - D♭ - E♭. Octave and order are not scored in this question.
F4 - G4 - A♭4 - B♭4 - C5 - D♭5 - E♭5 - F5
This guide does not listen to your piano. Completion is self-reported. The staff is a pitch reference; the pulse controls timing.
Practice tempo: 60 BPM · 1 octave · Right hand · F4-F5 · 4-beat count-in
This guide does not listen to your piano. Completion is self-reported.
PianoGrid
Key signature: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db
F – G – A♭ – B♭ – C – D♭ – E♭ – F
Direction: Ascending · F4 → F5 · Semitone movement: 2 – 1 – 2 – 2 – 1 – 2 – 2
| Notes | F4 | G4 | A♭4 | B♭4 | C5 | D♭5 | E♭5 | F5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fingers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
One-octave fingering.
One-octave reference. Finger numbers appear only for the hand and direction combinations covered by the sources listed above.
F natural minor contains F, G, Ab, Bb, C, Db, and Eb. Its signature is shared with Ab major. The four flats are Bb, Eb, Ab, and Db. In all forms here, Ab and Bb remain in the lower part of the scale; the sixth and seventh degrees distinguish the versions.
F harmonic minor changes Eb to E natural while keeping Db. Ascending classical melodic minor uses D natural and E natural. Descending melodic minor restores Eb and Db. Read those natural signs as changes to the key-signature pitches when you compare the written forms.
The sourced one-octave natural and harmonic ascents use right-hand fingers 1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4. The thumb moves to C after finger 4 on Bb, and finger 4 ends on the upper F. Keep this row with its one-octave example; do not replace its ending with a memorized five-finger finish.
Start with F-G-Ab-Bb-C, then pause. Add Db-Eb-F, Db-E-F, and D-E-F in separate attempts. Before the melodic descent, name Eb and Db again. On a printed note list, underline Ab and Bb as the unchanged lower notes and mark the two upper degrees separately. Replay only the ending you misread, then return to the full octave.
Each degree of F natural minor has a name, and stacking every other note from that degree gives the triad built on it. Roman numerals use capitals for major triads, lower case for minor and ° for diminished.
A♭ major is the relative major of F minor. Both keys use the same notes and key signature, but the major key starts on degree 3.
F natural minor uses four black keys: A♭, B♭, D♭ and E♭.
On a narrow screen, scroll this table horizontally to read every column.
| Degree | Note | Degree name | Triad | Triad notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | Tonic | i · F minor | F – A♭ – C |
| 2 | G | Supertonic | ii° · G diminished | G – B♭ – D♭ |
| 3 | A♭ | Mediant | III · A♭ major | A♭ – C – E♭ |
| 4 | B♭ | Subdominant | iv · B♭ minor | B♭ – D♭ – F |
| 5 | C | Dominant | v · C minor | C – E♭ – G |
| 6 | D♭ | Submediant | VI · D♭ major | D♭ – F – A♭ |
| 7 | E♭ | Subtonic | VII · E♭ major | E♭ – G – B♭ |
In natural minor, the chord on degree 5 is minor. Harmonic minor raises degree 7 from E♭ to E, the leading tone. That makes the dominant chord major and gives V7, the dominant seventh of F minor. C7: C – E – G – B♭.
F natural minor contains F, G, Ab, Bb, C, Db, Eb. One octave is F–G–Ab–Bb–C–Db–Eb–F. The final tonic repeats the starting note an octave higher.
Harmonic minor changes degree 7 from Eb to E: F–G–Ab–Bb–C–Db–E–F. In the classical melodic-minor ascent, degree 6 changes from Db to D and degree 7 is E: F–G–Ab–Bb–C–D–E–F.
For the classical scale-exercise convention, descend F–Eb–Db–C–Bb–Ab–G–F. In the displayed right-hand register that is F5–Eb5–Db5–C5–Bb4–Ab4–G4–F4. Degrees 6 and 7 return to their natural-minor values, Db and Eb. Do not simply reverse the raised ascending form; the jazz melodic-minor convention is a different choice.
Natural minor: right hand ascending 1–2–3–4–1–2–3–4; left hand ascending 5–4–3–2–1–3–2–1. Notes-only combinations: right hand descending, left hand descending. Harmonic minor: right hand ascending 1–2–3–4–1–2–3–4; left hand ascending 5–4–3–2–1–3–2–1. Notes-only combinations: right hand descending, left hand descending. Melodic minor (classical exercise): notes only; no fingering row is source-checked. All supported finger rows here cover one octave with hands separately. A missing row is not permission to reverse or borrow another form’s fingering.
First match the tonic, minor form, hand or view, direction and one-octave range. Then read the ordered note names with their octave numbers and compare each to the staff and highlighted key. The printout should state the same selection; a fixed PDF has its own named coverage. Keep written accidentals even when they share a physical key with another spelling.
References for the notes, patterns and examples on this page.
A# melodic exact spelling including F##/G## classical descent keyboard equivalence B#/C E#/F F##/G G##/A C4=MIDI60 shown as middle C
Note spellings for natural, harmonic and melodic minor in A, E, C, D, B, F, G and F♯ direction conventions
Points to a two-octave fingering guide. Fingerings on this page are not taken from that guide
key-specific natural harmonic melodic note lists classical melodic descent key signature and relative major
interval rules minor forms and classical directions relative versus parallel keys
harmonic minor note lists and one-octave LH/RH ascent rows correct theoretical enharmonic spellings in overview
classical melodic versus jazz convention ascending pitch collections for 8 named keys
natural minor note lists and one-octave LH/RH ascent rows strict spelling in overview relative keys